Awareness of basic construction material Specification (Part-1)
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Download file for a complete list of materials with specifications
Some Important Definitions : -
Density: It
is defined
as mass
per unit
volume. It is expressed as
kg/m3.
Specific gravity: It is the
ratio of
density of a material to
density of water.
Porosity: The term
porosity is used to indicate
the degree
by which
the volume
of a
material is occupied by
pores. It is expressed as
a ratio
of volume
of pores
to that
of the specimen.
Strength: Strength
of a
material has been defined as
its ability
to resist
the action
of an external
force without
breaking.
Elasticity: It is
the property
of a
material which enables it to
regain its original shape and size
after the
removal of external load.
Plasticity: It is
the property
of the
material which enables the formation
of permanent deformation.
Hardness: It is
the property
of the
material which enables it to
resist abrasion, indentation, machining
and scratching.
Ductility: It is
the property
of a
material which enables it to
be drawn
out or
elongated to an appreciable
extent before rupture occurs.
Brittleness: It is
the property
of a
material, which is opposite to
ductility. Material, having very little property
of deformation,
either elastic or plastic is
called Brittle.
Creep: It is
the property
of the
material which enables it under
constant load to deform slowly but
progressively over a certain period.
Stiffness: It
is the
property of a material which
enables it to resist deformation.
Fatigue: The
term fatigue
is generally
referred to the effect of
cyclically repeated stress. A material has
a tendency
to fail
at lesser
stress level when subjected to
repeated loading.
Impact strength: The impact strength
of a
material is the quantity of
work required
to cause its failure per its
unit volume.
It thus
indicates the toughness of a material.
Toughness: It is
the property
of a
material which enables it to
be twisted,
bent or
stretched under a high
stress before rupture.
Thermal Conductivity: It
is the
property of a material which
allows conduction of heat through its
body. It
is defined
as the
amount of heat in kilocalories
that will
flow through unit area of the
material with unit thickness in
unit time
when difference
of temperature on its faces is
also unity.
Corrosion Resistance: It
is the
property of a material to
withstand the action of acids, alkalis
gases etc.,
which tend
to corrode
(or oxidize).
Conversion Formulas
Gallons into
Pounds: Multiply the specific gravity of the liquid by
8.33* (weight in pounds of
1 gallon of water); then multiply this result by the number of
gallons, to obtain the weight in pounds.
Pounds into
Gallons: Multiply the specific gravity of the liquid by
8.33* (weight in pounds of
1 gallon of water); then divide the number of pounds by the result, to
obtain the volume in gallons.
Milliliters into
Grams: Multiply the specific
gravity of the
substance by the
number of milliliters, to obtain
the weight in grams.
Grams into
Milliliters: Divide the number of
grams by the specific gravity of the substance, to obtain the volume in
milliliters.
Milliliters into
Pounds: Multiply the number
of milliliters by
the specific gravity
of the substance; then divide the
product by 453.59 (equivalent in grams of 1 avoirdupois pound), to obtain the
weight in pounds.
Pounds into
Milliliters: Multiply the number of
pounds by 453.59 (equivalent in grams of 1 avoirdupois pound);
then divide the
product by the
specific gravity of
the substance, to obtain the volume in milliliters.
Milliliters into
Ounces: Multiply the number
of milliliters by
the specific gravity
of the substance; then divide the
product by 28.35 (equivalent in grams of 1 avoirdupois ounce), to obtain the
volume in ounces.
Ounces
into Milliliters: Multiply
the number of ounces by 28.35 (equivalent in grams
of 1 avoirdupois ounce); then
divide the product
by the specific
gravity of the
substance, to obtain the volume
in milliliters.
Grains,
Drams, and Ounces into Grams (or mL): 1) Divide the number of grains by 15; or 2) multiply the number of
drams by 4; or 3) multiply the number of ounces by 28.35. The result in each
case equals the approximated number of grams (or mL).
Kilograms
into Pounds: Multiply the number of
kilograms by 2.2046, or multiply the number of kilograms by 2 and add 10% to
the product.
Pounds into
Kilograms: Divide the number of
pounds by 2.2046, or multiply by 0.4536
*10 for imperial gallons
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